Personal Response on Sexuality Identity Essay - 1418 Words

Personal Response on Sexuality Identity University of Phoenix Personal Response on Sexuality Identity Our sexual identity starts at birth and evolves as we continue to age. Several factors can influence an individual’s sexual identity. Like several things in one’s life, sexual identity develops as we go through different stages of life. The things that could influence the development of our sexual identity are environmental factors, value systems, gender identity, relationships, and love. Sexual Decision Making The critical thinking process for making sexual decision is extremely important. The statement that knowledge is power could not be truer. I believe with this statement and the strong value system that†¦show more content†¦An individual’s gender identity (in some cases) is based upon one’s chromosomal sex (Nevid, Rathus Fichner-Rathus, 2005). Several factors can influence our gender identity. As a child (nurture) can help to shape, ones gender identity. One’s father and mother can see their child as male or female, meaning they see female as having feminine traits and a male as having masculine traits. For example, I was born female and this is the main factor in the evolution of my personal gender identity. My mother and father tried to dress me in clothes for a girl, while trying to teach me how to sit like a lady, and to show characteristics that are considered to fit my gender (female). Society defines a person’s gender by what they see; meaning the outward appearance of the individual is how they determine a person’s gender. Some people base their gender identity on social norms. I would not say that my gender identity has been easily influenced by society or culture. I may relate to the feminine role and that may be a reason why I consider myself a female. I am content in being female and it come naturally to me. Environmental and Historical Influences Growing up with a mother who reeked of femininity did not influence me to be more feminine. As a child, I liked wearing blue jeans and playing in mud puddlesShow MoreRelatedPersonal Response on Sexuality Identity1418 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Response on Sexuality Identity Lillian M. Floyd PSY/265 Lauren Lappe February 16.2014 A person’s sexual identity may seem like something obvious, something that should be an essential characteristic of our lives. However as we have found, these things are not always so simple, often finding that our sexual identity, is ever changing most of our lives. I have given my own identity some thought and I find for me it wasn’t easy. In this essayRead MoreEssay on Personal Response on Sexuality Identity1766 Words   |  8 PagesFinal Project: Personal Response on Sexuality Identity Adriele Ajavon Psychology of Human Sexuality/ PSY 265 10/24/2010 Dean Marzofka Sex is a significant act of life. The deed is commonly initiated by arousal and results in conception or sheer satisfaction. A great deal of thought rarely goes into the execution of the actual performance, as sexual urges are instinctive. The true brainpower lies within the thought processes associated with sex. Love, commitment, and friendship are three aspectsRead MoreThe Effects Of Media On Gay Male Body Image1209 Words   |  5 Pageshuman sexuality: sources, satisfaction, and perceived knowledge among college students. Sex Education, 11(4), 471-487. The article states that college student receive limited education about sex. Rutledge, Siebert, Chonody, and Killian conducted a research at a major university to examine: how college students learned about sex, satisfaction with the way they learned about sex, and self-perceived levels of knowledge about sexuality before and after completing a course on human sexuality. As resultsRead MoreSexual education programmes within school based learning have long been cause for controversy,1600 Words   |  7 Pagesreference to which approach should be taken, what topics should be raised and at what age children should be begin to learn about sexual development and sexuality. Previously, sex education has focused on the biological development of humans however in recent years programs have shifted towards integration of sexuality and sexual health promotion in response to sexual development within children and the changing values of society. Sex education curriculum has often been the subje ct of debate as curriculumRead MoreSexual Orientation Identity And Its Influence On Student Development1376 Words   |  6 Pagesremain aware of how students and their identities are evolving. Higher education is constantly evolving, which is why it is extremely important to take sexual orientation identity and its influence on student development into account. In this paper, I will explore Fassinger’s (1998) sexual orientation identity model and provide an analysis of the theory. I will also share my findings from three interviews with students who are in different stages of sexual identity formation. Finally, I will addressRead MorePsy Final1689 Words   |  7 PagesFinal Project Personal Response on Sexuality Identity Review the instructions for the final project in Appendix A. Construct a 1,400- to 1,750-word personal response, analyzing the development of your own sexuality. Address the following topics in your paper: †¢ Relate value systems and critical thinking to your sexual decision making before and after this course. I think that before I had started this class I really didn’t think of the different types of sexual identities and honestly didn’tRead MoreMen Who Have Sex With Men Essay1476 Words   |  6 Pages MSM Men Who Have Sex With Men A Critical Concept Essay Tara L. Gill CIIS Sexuality is historically rooted vacillating through out time, adjusting to the individuals personal experience and is influenced by cultural norms. In the United States, sexual behavior and attitudes are driven by variations in gender, social class, ethnicity, and religion. In fact, sexuality is fluid and is different for everyone. It is a unique, diverse, complicated, secretive, and puzzling experienceRead MoreDiversity in Sexual Orientation1149 Words   |  5 Pages Sometimes I think -- How is sexual identity developed? What influences who we become sexually? Why is there such diversity in sexual orientation? To be quite frank, there are no correct or incorrect answers to these questions. The idea of sexual orientation and behavior is a very complex one. What was true in the past is certainly different than the norm today. When I researched the various psychological theories and methodologies of measuring one’s sexuality, naturally I came across the work ofRead MoreBiologi cal Differences Between Males And Females1176 Words   |  5 Pages(Auleb 1). One biological difference between males and females is in external genitalia: males have penises whereas females have vaginas. Sexuality refers to one s sexual orientation, sexual behaviors, and capacity for sexual feelings (YourDictionary.com). Someone who is not sexually attracted to anyone may identify themselves as asexual. And sexual identity is one s conception of themselves in terms of to whom they are sexually and romantically attracted, if they experience sexual or romanticRead MoreSex Minority And Sexual Minority Orientation1156 Words   |  5 Pages The Williams, Connolly, Pepler, and Craig (2005) study focuses on issues they feel are specific to sexual minority (lesbian, gay, and bisexual) adolescents and those that are questioning their sexuality. Williams et al. questions the way sexual orientation, victimization, psychosocial adjustment, and social support are intertwined in relation to se xual minority youth. They hypothesized that the absence of social support, from both family and friends, along with the experiences relating to being

Emerging Trends in Csr in India Free Essays

Emerging Trends in CSR in India Corporate Social Responsibility or CSR as is popularly known is a system of gauging an organization’s bearing on society and weighing their responsibilities. CSR is not just about getting involved in some charitable practices or having ecological responsibility and a recycling policy. It is about the whole representation of the company which is to be considered, from internal practices to their clients, taking in every stride that a business takes during its usual operations. We will write a custom essay sample on Emerging Trends in Csr in India or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is a continuous commitment that companies should have towards the economic, social and environmental development of the community in which they operate. Several companies have now enthusiastically taken up to the cause of CSR in countries with rising economies such as India. Corporate social responsibility is sustainable, which involves companies to take up activities without having negative impact on their business. In India several companies have started realizing that it is a sensible move to take up CSR activities and integrate it with their business process. Corporations are becoming increasingly aware of their role towards the society. They are responsible bodies that feel a sense of duty towards the common welfare and the environment. This comes with a growing realization that they, as an integral part of this society themselves, can contribute to its upliftment and empower of the entire country in turn. Thus Companies now are setting up specific departments and teams that develop policies, strategies and goals which are for their CSR programs and allocate separate budgets to support them. These programs are based on well-defined social beliefs or are carefully aligned with the companies’ business domain. In the modern era, the new generation of corporate leaders considers optimization of profits as the key, rather than the maximization of profit. Hence there is a shift of paradigm from accountability to shareholders to accountability to stakeholders. The focus has been on initiatives that are people-centric with active community participation at all levels. Moreover, the corporations themselves have moved away from the charitable initiatives like giving financial grants or sponsorships to providing products and services in a manner that would make a real difference in the target communities. Companies today are aiming a host of programs and schemes in several areas like education, healthcare, rural development, environment protection, protection of artistic and cultural heritage and disaster management that are modified to meet the specific needs of the target group and for the successful implementation of these schemes corporations devote not only financial resources but expertise, manpower, products and services. Corporate Social Responsibility is increasingly becoming an important aspect of corporate behavior and thus imperative to the business. There are several reasons attributed to this, one being that the potential partners wants to work with companies that are sustainable and has a clean and good image in the society. Employees too want to work for a company that’s making a difference, prospective employees look to CSR reports and other information to get a sense of the corporate culture. Thus the corporations which are private initiatives are becoming more like public institutions whose survival depends on the consumers who buy their products and shareholders who invest in their stocks. A concern for social and environmental development should be made a part of every corporate entity through its inclusion in the annual agenda backed by strong and genuine programs. Thus corporate contribution to the society, environment and business when guided by enlightened self-interest leads to improvement of the quality of life for all. Also effective corporate responsibility requires a good level of commitment from the entire organization and especially the top management who can ensure that not only CSR is practiced in their organizations but is also practiced well. How to cite Emerging Trends in Csr in India, Essay examples

Never judge a book by its cover free essay sample

It will also provide information on what motives an individual needs to provide justification for murdering another person. Lastly, information will be provided on the true identity of an individual who chooses to become a murderer. An individual has their one perception of how â€Å"normal† is supposed to look like. These perceptions can come from a host of influences and sometimes are the thought pattern of a small group or community. That in particular is why it is very difficult to judge an individual according to their appearance. The way an individual may appear may look as if they are your normal everyday person, but how exactly do you know? Especially if they were brought up thinking that they are presenting themselves in accordance to the norm. The truth is that appearances can be deceiving. In regards to what we see visually, an author states, â€Å"We all do it. We cant help it. Were predominantly visual creatures†, (Lickerman, 2012). When it comes to things we see, as humans we cannot help judge based on the appearance. Some people have baseless opinions on how a certain person should look rather than gaining an understanding of the individual as a whole. Our materialistic view of people misguides use and lowers our guards against individuals not out for our wellbeing. In today’s society, we are told things such as thugs wear dark baggy clothing and successful individuals wear business casual attire. This is an example of a situation that can be deceiving if an individual takes advantage of our common misconceptions. In a situation in which a person is in the presence of a serial killer, this misconception can end in death. This discussion will explain how alternative identities, motives are the only way to understand an individual’s true identity. A person should never judge a person by based on their appearance. Just because an individual appears to be a normal individual, it does not mean that they actually are. That person could very well be a serial killer. What we believe and want to believe in regards to friends, family, and even co-workers is something that all people deal with on a regular. We have an idea or a belief of what a person is and who they actually are, but how do we really know? How can an individual say that the person that we say we know is who they say they actually are? In truth, you don’t know. To you and me they could be exactly who they say they are, but in their own minds they may think they are someone else. They may live a lifestyle that a person who knows the individual never knew that they had. This is what it means to have an alternative identity and or lifestyle. When an individual has an alternative lifestyle, they live double life. For example, a man is married to a woman and has three kids with this very same woman, but takes monthly vacations or â€Å"work related vacations† to spend time with his girlfriend in another state. In the TV show â€Å"Dexter† and film, â€Å"Mr. Brooks†, both individuals had secret lives. They chose to keep their lives secret mainly because both lives that they had, but they know that both lives could not coexist with one another. Both characters had real lives other than the life of a killer. Mr. Brooks has a successful business and Dexter is a very successful crime scene investigator. Even with such accolades, it would appear that what they are satisfied with their lives, but they are not. In most cases, a person may choose to have an alternate life due to lack of satisfaction of their current lives. In a statement above, there was an example used that described a married man with children choosing to take time to spend with his girlfriend from another state. In a situation like this, even though that man is married with children, he may not be receiving the satisfaction from his relationship with his immediate family. Like this individual, both Dexter and Mr. Brooks may be dealing with a similar situation in which their immediate lives are not providing the satisfaction that they desire. Mr. Brooks is a successful business man but does not get the joy and satisfaction that he receives from murdering that he in his company. Dexter is a successful crime scene investigator, but even though he enjoys his job he receive nowhere near the satisfaction that he receives when killing a bad individual. The reason behind living multiple lifestyles is an attempt by an individual to receive the satisfaction that they desire that they can’t receive in their other life. One of the more recent real life situations America has faced in which a person sought out to kill others was the, â€Å"Navy Yard Shooter†. His name was Aaron Alexis. This was an individual who murdered 12 people at Washingtons Navy Yard. One of the reasons why this situation is still confusing to many people is because there was no clear motive of why he murdered those twelve individuals. According to a senior law enforcement official, ‘Co-workers have portrayed Alexis of having lived the mundane work life of a well-paid tech contractor given daily per diems that allowed a comfortable stay in an expensive city† (Pearson, 2013). Another person close to him described Alexis as very polite and a very friendly man. This individual is a friend and former housemate, Kristi Suthamtewakul. She noticed some personality changes in Alexis over the last few months, but she stated that it was nothing indicating potential violence. She noticed that he had been frustrated about pay and benefits issues after a one-month contracting stint in Japan last year. She also stated that, Thats when I first started hearing statements about how he wanted to move out of America,† and that, He was very frustrated with the government and how, as a veteran, he didnt feel like he was getting treated right or fairly† (Pearson, 2013). Some will say why would something as insignificant as that lead someone to kill others? An author states, â€Å"No matter how heinous a crime, there is always a â€Å"justification† given by the perpetrator: â€Å"Voices told me to kill all those prostitutes†, â€Å"He was sleeping with my wife† and â€Å"I did it in the name of [insert deity here]† (Phillips, 2013). The motive is what drives the serial killer to kill. If there isn’t a motive or reason why a person kills, why would they? In this situation, Aaron Alexis’s motive to kill those twelve people in the Navy shooter incident was due to frustration about pay and benefits issues after a one-month contracting stint in Japan last year and feeling like he wasn’t treated right or fairly as a veteran. In his mind, that was enough motivation to lead him to take the lives of the twelve individuals who he had murdered. In TV series, â€Å"Dexter†, Dexter had a motive to kill bad people. On a daily basis, he would investigate bad guys and provide his own version of punishment towards them. He served as both a vigilante and a serial killer. The lives of the innocent people that the bad people took away were enough motives for Dexter to kill those individuals in the same or similar type of way. Like stated above, there is always â€Å"justification† given by the perpetrator in why they may kill someone. The true identity of a serial killer is normally kept secret for a reason. There is a reason why a person would not want individuals to know exactly who they are. The reasons for which these individuals may not want to be known can vary. A person may want to be known. There is a possibility that a killer may not want to be known to others. That individual may not want to be known because they enjoy what they do. Both Dexter and Mr. Brooks hide their true identities mainly because they had individuals whom they loved and cared for in their normal life. Dexter had a sister and Mr. Brooks had a wife and a daughter. At the same time both Dexter and Mr. Brooks both have a desire and passion to kill others. Both have their different motives for why they kill but the both have a distinct passion to kill others. There may also be a possibility that along with killing others, they may also want to protect those individuals from being a potential target. The true identity of a killer solely depends on the motive of the killer. Regardless if a killer chooses to be known or not, the true identity of someone who kills and kills others frequently is that they are a serial killer. This is the main reason why an individual should never judge someone based on what they appear to be. The true identity of someone is the identity at which that person feels the most comfortable to be themselves. In the case of Dexter and Mr. Brooks, they both feel more like themselves when they kill others. When you see some people, you want to think that you know exactly what type of person they are by just looking at them. It is difficult for anyone to know exactly whom they are in the presence of just by their appearance. A person may choose to have an alternative lifestyle due a lack of satisfaction in their lives. They may feel that what is present in their life isn’t fulfilling them with the fullness of life that they desire. Until they receive that fullness that they desire, they may continue to find that path by choosing to living different lifestyles. The motives behind which an individual would have to murder an individual can vary. If that individual has justification behind why they are performing such acts, in their eyes they may view what they are doing is the right approach to handle their situation. All a person needs is a motive behind why they may choose to kill an individual. In the case of Aaron Alexis, his motivation behind murder was the fact that he was frustrated about pay and benefits issues after a one-month contracting stint in Japan last year and frustrations with the government and how, as a veteran, he didnt feel like he was getting treated right or fairly. The true identity of a person is the identity at which that individual feels the most comfortable. In that person’s skin, they may feel that what they are doing is justifiable. A person may choose to individuals during the Navy yard shooting incident hide their identity to keep those who are important safe from others. One should never make the choice to judge an individual based on how they appear. Understanding of individuals comes from taking time to actually understanding who and what a person actually are.

Wife Of Bath Or Dame Alice Essays - Kingdom Hearts Characters

Wife Of Bath Or Dame Alice The Wife of Bath, Dame Alice is quite a spiteful woman even though she desires only a few simple things in life; power and control. Through her prologue and tale, she makes mirror images of herself , which reflects the person who she really is. Dame Alice desires the obvious in life, but what she most desires above all is being more powerful than her man, her spouse, and her lover. In a relationship, she wishes to be dominant, the one who has the last to say, the one who has control over all things in the relationship. This can be first seen in her prologue, "I'll have a husband yet who shall be both my debtor and my slave and bear his tribulation to the grave upon his flesh, as long as I'm his wife. For mine shall be the power all his life over his proper body, and not he?"(55-59). It is then shown again in her tale when knight returns the castle and fulfills the task assigned by the queen, "a woman wants the self-same sovereignty over her husband as over her lover, and master him; he must not be above her" (174-176). Yet another example of Dame Alice's wish to be dominant is presented later in the tale told by her. The old hag, after marrying the knight, gives him a choice. It was either to have her old and ugly but faithful or young and pretty but wonder off. "You have two choices; which one will you try? To have me old and ugly till I die, but still loyal, true, and humble wife that will never displease you all her life, or would you rather I were young and pretty and chance your arm what happens in the city where friends will visit you because of me, yes, and on other places too, maybe."(309-316) By comparing the Wife of Bath's prologue to her tale, it is quite obvious that Dame Alice wants to be the old hag. In some aspects, Dame Alice can be said to be jealous of the old hag. After all, the hag was given power and dominance over her husband. In Dame Alice's true life it was not completely true. The husbands that Dame Alice had, "three of them were good and two were bad." (92) The three that she had were called 'good' because they "were rich and old?"(93) Dame Alice had complete control over them. But for her fourth and fifth husband, there was another story. The fourth one cheated on her and the fifth one, Johnny, she loved most, "the one I took for love and not for wealth?"(339) And it is because she loved him so that she gave up everything to Johnny. "I handed him the money, lands, and all that ever had been given me before; this I repented later. . ."(401-403) From this it can be seen that Johnny had the upper hand. And of course, this is not what Dame Alice desire. However, in her tale, the old hag has the power in the relationship. She is given the choice of what to do and when to do it, "you make the choice yourself?"(322). Dame Alice had the option of choosing taken away from her when she gave everything to Johnny. The major similarity between Dame Alice and the old hag is the appearance. Both Dame Alice and the hag are not very attractive and both are old. Dame Alice is describes herself as "I was forty then, to tell the truth. But still, I always had a coltish tooth. Yes, I'm gap toothed; it suits me well?"(394-396). The old hag is described by the knight in the tale as "old, and so abnomably plain, so poor to start with, so low-bred to follow?"(236-237). The old hag is then described as being "old and fouler then a fen"(303). After Dame Alice's tale is told, it is simple to see that all she wants is what every woman wants in a relationship, "the self-same sovereignty over her husband as over her lover, and master him; he must not be above her."(175,tale) And it is because of this desire for power that Dame Alice has created the old hag, whom she identifies with. Dame Alice wishes that even if she is ugly, as the hag is, she can have the power that the old hag which was given to her by the knight. "My lady and my love, my dearest wife, I

Elementary Level Syllabus for Beginning English Courses

Elementary Level Syllabus for Beginning English Courses Syllabus - Lesson 1 This syllabus has been written for false beginners in a business English setting. The focus is therefore on the workplace. However, the basic structures that are introduced should be the same for any type of class. Vary the content of your lessons to make sure they fit students learning objectives.   Theme - Introductions The revised language items will include: The verb to beRevision of possessive adjectives: my, your, her, hisBasic greetings The new language items introduced will include: The use of names of countriesExpansion of lexical set: basic greetingsExpressions including Countries and Nationalities Your first lesson focuses on the verb be which will help students begin discussing basic questions. Possessive adjectives such as her and his encourage students to discuss what they learn from other students. Learning nations and national adjectives can help them talk about their country. Syllabus - Lesson 2 Theme - The World Around Me The revised language items will include: spelling skillsRevision of letters of the alphabet The new language items introduced will include: The use of questions and negatives with the verb to beThe use of determiners: this, that, those and theseThe use of a and anExpansion of lexical set everyday objects - singular and pluralExpressions including basic opposite adjectives This lesson focuses on objects that can be found both in and out of the classroom. It might be a good idea to take the class on a short walk around your school to help them become familiar with the concept of here / there, this / that. Working on basic adjectives in opposite pairs (big/small, cheap/expensive, etc.) will help students begin describing their world.   Syllabus - Lesson 3 Theme - My Friends and I The revised language items will include: singular and plural nouns, numbers 1 - 100, phone numbers, the use of the verb to be for giving personal information The new language items introduced will include: Giving personal information: name, marital status, phone number, address, ageAsking for and telling the time, prepositions used for telling the time at, past, toExpansion of lexical set jobs. This lesson helps students begin discussing schedules, meetings, and other responsibilities. The focus is on numbers, time, marital status and other personal items that require students to give information involving numbers and spelling.   Syllabus - Lesson 4 Theme - A Day in the Life of†¦ The revised language items will include: Times of the day, the 12-hour clock - a.m. and p.m.Revision of basic verbs used to describe daily routines The new language items introduced will include: The use of the present simple (1)The use of the first, second and third person singular in the present simpleExpansion of lexical set daily routinesExpressions including verbs and nouns that go together, prepositions used for times of the day - in the morning, afternoon, evening / at night The big focus on this lesson is the use of the simple present tense to speak about routines, habits and other daily tasks. Make sure to help students learn differences between the verb be and all other verbs. This will require a special focus on the helping verb do in questions and negative sentences.   Syllabus - Lesson 5 Theme - The Workplace The revised language items will include: continuation of the present simple (2)Revision of basic verbs used to describe work tasks The new language items introduced will include: The use of negative and question forms in the present simpleThe use of the first, second and third person plural in the present simpleThe use of adverbs of frequencyPrepositions of place and movement: to, in, atExpansion of lexical set daily work routinesExpressions including: Asking for help and asking someone to repeat In this lesson, you will expand on the present simple by introducing adverbs of frequency such as usually, sometimes, seldom, etc. Move from discussions focusing on I to talking about others with he, she, we, etc. Its a good idea to ask students to write up questions, interview other students, and report back to class to help students recognize and begin using different pronouns.   Syllabus - Lesson 6 Theme - Talking about Work The revised language items will include: Greetings and informal discussion about your work tasksRevision of seasons, months and days of the week The new language items introduced will include: Expansion of lexical set means of communicationExpressions including terms used for talking about the relationships between people in an office Continue exploring the work world while discussing a larger time frame when introducing days of the weeks, months and seasons to the class. Have students discuss typical activities for each time of the year, the day of the week or month.   Syllabus Lesson 7 Theme - The Ideal Office The revised language items will include: Revision of lexical set things in the officeRevision of daily work tasks The new language items introduced will include: The use of there is and there are for descriptive purposes and in the interrogative formThe use of some and any in the positive, negative and interrogative formExpansion of lexical set furniture to include items commonly found in an officeExpressions including prepositions of place including: on, in, near, next to, in front of, and between Drill down into the office world by focusing on office equipment. Ask students to discover what other students workplace look like by working with any and some (i.e. Are there any tables in your office?, We have some copiers in our office, etc.) Syllabus - Lesson 8 Theme - The Interview The revised language items will include: verbs expressing skills and abilitiesRevision of expressions used for asking and giving personal information The new language items introduced will include: The use of can to express abilityThe use of haveExpansion of lexical set skills and abilitiesExpressions including verb-noun collocations (words that go together) Finish up this first section of the syllabus by expanding vocabulary skills with common workplace collocations. Use mock interviews to introduce the modal can to speak about abilities. Syllabus - Lesson 9 - Check Module I The revised language items will include: introductions numbers and letters, skills and abilities, telling the time, describing your daily work routine, numbers and lettersGrammar Revised: The use of the verb to be in the present simple, possessive adjectives, the use of the present simple, the use of basic prepositions of movement and place, the use of some and any, the use of there is and there are, the use of can to express abilities, the use of determinersVocabulary Revised: countries and nationalities, telling the time, work routines, objects in an office, months, seasons and days of the week, asking for help and repeating, relationships at work At this point, its a good idea to assess students comprehension with a quiz. The test should not be long but should include each element of the first eight lessons.

Syndetonâ€Definition and Examples

Syndetons Syndeton is a  rhetorical term for a sentence style in which words, phrases, or clauses are joined by conjunctions (usually and). A construction that uses many conjunctions is called polysyndetic. Examples and Observations At the marina, rain, and steam rising from the bay shrouded boats and birds, and made the few scurrying people indistinct.Blaize Clement, Raining Cat Sitters and Dogs. Minotaur Books, 2010I crawled back under the cover of the boat and huddled there, wet, cold and sobbing.Sam McKinney, Sailing Uphill. Touchwood, 2010The fine rain made a desolate, even sound like breathing in the pinewoods, and below, milky layers of mist covered the lake, and were stained here and there by the darkness of the water beneath.Elizabeth Bowen, Salon des DamesYou are talking to a man who has laughed in the face of death, sneered at doom, and chuckled at catastrophe.The Wizard in The Wizard of Oz, 1939Rain on all the silent streets and squares, alleys and courts, gardens and churchyards and stone steps and nooks and crannies of the city.Susan Hill, The Mist in the Mirror. Sinclair-Stevenson, 1992 Polysyndeton​​ He and Rawlins had unsaddled the horses and turned them out in the dark and they were lying on the saddle blankets and using the saddles for pillows. The night was cold and clear and the sparks rising from the fire raced hot and red among the stars. They could hear the trucks out on the highway and they could see the lights of the town reflected off the desert fifteen miles to the north.Cormac McCarthy, All the Pretty Horses. Alfred A. Knopf, 1992 Marking Coordination Coordination is usually but not invariably marked by one or more coordinators. Three patterns to be distinguished are shown in (6): (6) i SIMPLE SYNDETIC You need [celery, apples, walnuts, and grapes].(6) ii POLYSYNDETIC You need [celery and apples and walnuts and grapes].(6) iii ASYNDETIC You need [celery, apples, walnuts, grapes]. The major contrast is between syndetic coordination, which contains at least one coordinator, and asyndetic coordination, which does not. In constructions with more than two coordinates, there is a further contrast within syndetic coordination between the default simple syndetic, which has a single coordinator marking the final coordinate, and polysyndetic, where all non-initial coordinates are marked by a coordinator (which must be the same for all of them). The coordinator forms a constituent with the coordinator which follows: we refer to expressions like and grapes as an expanded coordinate, with grapes itself a bare coordinate.Rodney Huddleston and Geoffrey K. Pullum, Coordination and Subordination. The Handbook of English Linguistics, ed. by Bas Aarts and April M. S. McMahon. Blackwell, 2006

Inadequacies of Accounting Ratios as Tools of Financial Analysis Essay

Inadequacies of Accounting Ratios as Tools of Financial Analysis - Essay Example On the contrary, the financial ratios are also possible due to the flow that goes on to divide the same by a level that comprises of the return on equity or the earnings itself with respect to the equity. [Osteryoung, 1992] In calculating financial ratios, one must fathom that the numerator or the denominator at any point in time might just be the ratio, remarked as the PEG ratio. This paper discusses the financial ratios and the five categories associated with it as well as the questions that are answered to decide how the weight is evaluated owing to the financial health of an entity. This is quite true that in terms of financial ratios, the ratio analysis has got its due part in telling one and all about the whole category and as such the industry. On the other hand, there are a number of important pointers that one can pick with regards to the theory of ratios for that matter. Let us start with the financial ratios. These are the flags that in essence lay the foundation for showi ng those areas that can be remarked as the ones having strengths or weaknesses. [Mills, 1998] For this point in case, even more than one ratios can eventually be misleading, but when the same are combined with different knowledge that are available in the wake of an industry, ratio analysis can go a long way in discussing and indeed detailing about this industry. Secondly, one is unable to discern or find a single correct value for a ratio that needs to be chalked up for this whole scenario and more often than not; these are not absolute terms.

The Issue of Abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

The Issue of Abortion - Essay Example Clinical research has proved that despite the anesthesia, 90 percent of women having abortions reported having physiological pain during the procedure.   30 percent of these women reported having severe and intense pain which is more painful than the bone fracture and is of the same severity as the cancer pain. Moreover, the scientific evidence supports the notion that abortions cause psychological harm to women. Society has divided in its opinion over the right of women to have the abortion. The pro-life movement was initiated with the aim to persuade women in preserving human life. The pro-life thinking is based on three foundations: people (even criminals) have the right to live and it is morally wrong to kill, the fetus is the distinct human being from the very moment of conceptions, and women have the duty to preserve the life even if the pregnancy is not wanted. Science tells that the pregnant woman has a new life inside which is completely a new human being. Notably, when most abortions take place, the baby has already beating heart and brain waves. The unborn baby, fetus, is the unique human being, just as his mother and father, and he deserve being protected by law and granted the right to live. According to statistics, most of the abortions are performed after nine weeks of pregnancy and the potential mother becomes the murder of the fetus who already has an active brain and beating heart. It can be argued that fetus is a human being and is not a person. However, medicine points out that the fetus is the living organism, he is alive from the moment of conception (Klusendorf 12). Of course, it is possible to say that the living organism is not yet a person, but a fetus is nothing other than the human creature. At the moment the sperm and egg are united, 23 chromosomes from the father and 23 chromosomes from the mother are brought together. The fetus has unique DNA from this very moment. The fetus is not the potential life, he is the human being who is growing and getting older.

Compare and Contrast Call of the Wild Essay Essay Example for Free

Compare and Contrast Call of the Wild Essay Essay Jaguars are the largest of South Americas big cats. They once roamed from the southern tip of that continent north to the region surrounding the U.S.-Mexico border. Today significant numbers of jaguars are found only in remote regions of South and Central America—particularly in the Amazon basin. These beautiful and powerful beasts were prominent in ancient Native American cultures. In some traditions the Jaguar God of the Night was the formidable lord of the underworld. The name jaguar is derived from the Native American word yaguar, which means he who kills with one leap. Unlike many other cats, jaguars do not avoid water; in fact, they are quite good swimmers. Rivers provide prey in the form of fish, turtles, or caimans—small, alligator like animals. Jaguars also eat larger animals such as deer, peccaries, capybaras, and tapirs. They sometimes climb trees to prepare an ambush, killing their prey with one powerful bite. Most jaguars are tan or orange with distinctive black spots, dubbed rosettes because they are shaped like roses. Some jaguars are so dark they appear to be spotless, though their markings can be seen on closer inspection. Jaguars live alone and define territories of many square miles by marking with their waste or clawing trees. Females have litters of one to four cubs, which are blind and helpless at birth. The mother stays with them and defends them fiercely from any animal that may approach—even their own father. Young jaguars learn to hunt by living with their mothers for two years or more. Jaguars are still hunted for their attractive fur. Ranchers also kill them because the cats sometimes prey upon their livestock.

Grapes Of Wrath - Allusion :: essays research papers

Text: "He held the apple box against his chest. And then he leaned over and set the box in the stream and steadied it with his hand. He said fiercely, "Go down an' tell 'em. Go down in the street an' rot an' tell 'em that way....Maybe they'll know then." He guided the box gently out into the current and let it go" (493). "I figgered, 'maybe it's all men an' all women we love; maybe that's the Holy Sperit- the human sperit-the whole shebang. Maybe all men got one big soul ever'body's a part of.' Now I sat there thinkin' it, an' all of a suddent- I knew it. I knew it so deep down that it was true, and I still know it..." (25). "If you could separate causes from results, if you could know that Paine, Marx, Jefferson, Lenin, were results, not causes, you might survive" (166). Analysis/ Commentary Uncle John's motivated action alludes to the tale of the baby Moses. To save her baby from slavery, Moses' mother sets the infant adrift in a basket. Similarly, Uncle John feels he is 'freeing' the baby from the migrants' miserable condition. Jim Casy, an ex-preacher, constantly shares his thoughts and philosophies about life. Throughout the novel, he indirectly alludes to Jesus Christ. Casy believes that men are holy, and later he, just like Jesus, is killed for opposing human cruelty and suffering. The author explains that the ideas of Paine, Marx, Jefferson and Lenin were not causes of the American Revolution. Rather, they were results of the harsh living conditions. Steinbeck warns the farmers that the only way to survive the sudden changes is to understand the difference between the causes and results of their hopeless situation. Evidence/ Quotations from the Text "But then he says, 'It ain't so bad if you know.' He says, 'French Revolution-all them fellas that figgered her out got their heads chopped off. Always that way,' he says" (424). "Ma said, 'This here's my girl, Rosasharon" (346). Analysis/ Commentary Casy's jail mate assuages his condition by comparing it to the days of the French Revolution. During the Revolution, a group of radicals (the Jacobins) attempted to crush all opposition within France. Grapes Of Wrath - Allusion :: essays research papers Text: "He held the apple box against his chest. And then he leaned over and set the box in the stream and steadied it with his hand. He said fiercely, "Go down an' tell 'em. Go down in the street an' rot an' tell 'em that way....Maybe they'll know then." He guided the box gently out into the current and let it go" (493). "I figgered, 'maybe it's all men an' all women we love; maybe that's the Holy Sperit- the human sperit-the whole shebang. Maybe all men got one big soul ever'body's a part of.' Now I sat there thinkin' it, an' all of a suddent- I knew it. I knew it so deep down that it was true, and I still know it..." (25). "If you could separate causes from results, if you could know that Paine, Marx, Jefferson, Lenin, were results, not causes, you might survive" (166). Analysis/ Commentary Uncle John's motivated action alludes to the tale of the baby Moses. To save her baby from slavery, Moses' mother sets the infant adrift in a basket. Similarly, Uncle John feels he is 'freeing' the baby from the migrants' miserable condition. Jim Casy, an ex-preacher, constantly shares his thoughts and philosophies about life. Throughout the novel, he indirectly alludes to Jesus Christ. Casy believes that men are holy, and later he, just like Jesus, is killed for opposing human cruelty and suffering. The author explains that the ideas of Paine, Marx, Jefferson and Lenin were not causes of the American Revolution. Rather, they were results of the harsh living conditions. Steinbeck warns the farmers that the only way to survive the sudden changes is to understand the difference between the causes and results of their hopeless situation. Evidence/ Quotations from the Text "But then he says, 'It ain't so bad if you know.' He says, 'French Revolution-all them fellas that figgered her out got their heads chopped off. Always that way,' he says" (424). "Ma said, 'This here's my girl, Rosasharon" (346). Analysis/ Commentary Casy's jail mate assuages his condition by comparing it to the days of the French Revolution. During the Revolution, a group of radicals (the Jacobins) attempted to crush all opposition within France.

Reproductive Health Bill Essay

Couple of years passed since Albay 1st district Representative Edcel Lagman and Senator Miriam Defensor Santiago introduced two senate bills, respectively House Bill No. 4244 or an Act providing for a Comprehensive Policy on Reproductive Health, and Population and Development, and for Other Purposes, and Senate Bill No. 2378 or An Act Providing For a National Policy on Reproductive Health and Population and Development. Also, couple of years passed since divisive arguments started mocking our ears. The pros and cons continually play tug of war in debate of whether passing the bill or not. The Reproduction Health bills, or RH bills, as they are commonly called, aim to guarantee universal access to methods and information on birth control and maternal care. In a medical sense, life begins when fertilization takes place. One of its prime components is the use of artificial methods in order to prevent fertilization to occur. In a biblical sense, we know it is a mortal sin to end one’s life. Ladies and gentlemen, I believe that sex is sacred, even to the natural laws itself and is bestowed only to two persons who share mutual values as well as commitment to God and themselves. With the use of artificial contraceptives, spouses do not put their total trust and gift of personal fertility to their own partners. Rather than putting out hopes on contraceptive methods, let us opt to uphold responsible parenthood. Rather than relying on abortifacient pills, let us choose to push proper discipline and self-control. On the other hand, I remember a commercial advertisement which showed children who don’t frequently eat meals with their parents, children who don’t often have chance to talk with their parents are the one who often get in caught in problems like early pregnancy. Parents, you have the greatest responsibility in the wellbeing of the youth. Open your hands, lend your ears and nurture them with pieces of advice. Water them with love; pull off the hindrances of their development. Be the farmers the cream of the crop of our society. Moreover, the use of contraceptive agents such as pills poses rick to the health and safety of the women. Failure of the pills may lead to post-fertilization effects that may be operative prevent clinically recognized pregnancy. Thus, it contradicts the goal of the RH bills to protect the life of the mother as well as the life of the unborn from conception. Imprisonment or about half a year and fine of fifty thousand pesos – such actions may be implied if health care service providers fail to give reproductive health care services like ligation or vasectomy. For me, it is sad to think that we Filipinos may be deprived to practice our right of freedom, our own right of liberal choice and self-conscience. On the other hand, the RH bills also intends to lessen the alarming proportion of rapidly rising population in the country, which is deemed one of the main causes of poverty and economic breakdown. However, according to scholars, most economic analysis of statistical correlation between economic growth and population show that there is little, if not none, significant connection at all. It is just that the bigger the population density, the less resources that we can use for production; and may lead to scarcity of the basic necessities of life. Why don’t we venture to delve into utilizing indigenous resource materials? If the nationwide resources aren’t sufficient enough to sustain the needs of the Filipino people, then let us think and make programs that will answer the problem into reality. Why don’t we put more efforts in promoting and establishing quality education in order to bring up economically active and productive citizens? It is a big investment to produce globally competitive Filipinos that will contribute to the economic growth. Successful graduates may establish their own business enterprise and generate job opportunities to us countrymen. The people of Juan dela Cruz opt to work abroad and leave his family and friends. These modern day heroes suffer the trials of being countries away from their loved ones. It may be because of the deficiency of employment opportunities here in the Philippines. Moreover, the salary in the foreign countries is believed to be considerably at a better cost. Why don’t we place our endeavor onto creating many jobs possible to prevent Filipinos from choosing to overseas to work, and stop nation’s brain drain as well? We can invest on our national budget into more significant outcomes. There are lot more solutions to the challenges we are facing today I believe most of us prefer to satisfy our vital needs in life and meet our real preferences.. We should buy food rather than pills. We should buy clothes rather than condoms. We intend to buy what really need. To a certain extent, I think this forgoing issue will somehow be an excuse to the nation’s lacking capability to accomplish its goal of serving its constituents by mainly lifting their social condition. The foremost reason is not the vast number of the poor. Otherwise, the poor are the victims of the cancerous cell of our society- poverty. Poverty caused by the abuse of power by those with authority. My fellowmen, I suppose it is quite selfish to sacrifice other’s lives for our own sake. We may tend to break the promise of reaching and fulfilling other’s dreams; we somehow deprive the unborn to even use pens and draw their dreams. â€Å"Ang kabataan ay ang pag-asa ng bayan†. I believe in our national hero, Dr. Jose P. Rizal. The young generation is the very prodigy of the promise we have for the better tomorrow. As a Christian country, I believe that we, Filipinos, have firm devotion and faith on the Almighty God. It is said, that life is the greatest gift God ever given to man. His Holiness also gifted us with intellectual power and will to decide and determine right from wrong. Our decision has vital part in the real progress of our country, in the lives of many Filipinos and the future of the youth and the future of this country. Ladies and gentlemen, I may not be a national hero. I may not be a national leader or someone with great social standing. I am just an average Filipino citizen. I am here, my fellow Filipinos, in front of you, as rhetoric medium, as a catalyst of change, as a citizen who cares for his country, as someone that cares for the well-being of my fellow countrymen. I beg you to understand the true value of life. I beg you to open your eyes to the true crisis we face. I beg you to lend your ears to the true cries the nation want us to diminish. My dearest friends, I ask you again to listen to the voice of the youth.

Does Breaking a Law Makes a Criminal? Essay

To judge whether breaking a law makes a criminal, first we must define the terms law and crime. Every society makes and enforces laws that govern the conduct of the individuals. Without law we cannot live. Laws maximizes our individual right, facilitate the orders of our society, and it keeps peace in our civilization. The violation of those duties that he or she owes to society and for the breach of which the law provides is defined as a crime. Breaking the law does not always constitute criminality. Law is created within the ethical realm of human’s principles, therefore laws fluctuates as our perception changes. To answer our question whether breaking a law makes a criminal, we must examine further to see if the action committed is incriminating by the criminal intent. Most crimes require criminal intent. Two elements must exist before a person to be found guilty of an intent crime and be label as criminal. First, the person must have actually performed the criminal act. For example, killing of someone without legal justification is a criminal act. This is because the law forbids person from killing on another. Criminal act is not always an action people take. A person can be a criminal for not acting. For example, if a taxpayer who is under a legal duty to file income tax returns and pay income tax, failure to do so will result in a criminal act. Second, to be found guilty of an intent crime, the accused must be found to have possessed an evil intent to do harm. For instances, assault and battery are usually consider an evil intent because the perpetrator intends a specific result with the purpose of doing harm to another. To further complex criminality, we should also examine non-intent crimes. Sometimes non-intent crimes can also result in a criminal act. Non-intent crimes are often imposed for reckless or grossly negligent conduct that causes injury to another person. For example, the crime of involuntary manslaughter is a non-intent crime. If a person was driving 55 miles per hour while in a 35 miles per hour zone and the driver cannot stop his car at a red traffic light, enters the pedestrian crossing, and kills a pedestrian. He is guilty of the non-intent crime of involuntary manslaughter. Whether breaking a law makes a criminal, it all depends on one’s perception. These laws exist because it lays general rules that organize the society. The primary intent is to protect and forbids people from engaging in certain undesirable activities. And what is â€Å"correct† is based on morality and ethics. Law is discovered by humans through the use of reason and choosing between good and evil.

The Progressive Group of Insurance Companies

The Progressive Group of Insurance Companies Progressive Auto Insurance has a rich history of implementing effective, cost saving and efficiency enhancing information technology solutions. The company’s everyday operations are technology driven in a bid to not only improve revenue and saving costs but also to improve customer service.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on The Progressive Group of Insurance Companies Managers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In August 2011 for instance, the company launched the â€Å"Snapshot† in Florida, a pay as you go device that helps drivers make considerable savings in insurance through discounts that come along with use of the device. This device is a next generation gadget in the area of usage-based insurance. More importantly, it provides personalized insurance rate system that solely relies on the driving habit of customers. The device helps Progressive Auto Insurance to determine if a driver qualifies fo r a discount after a 30 day period, depending on the driving data sent by the device. Like numerous progressive products linked with Progressive.com, customers with the device can log into the website to track their driving habits and make changes where necessary. They can also opt out of the program with no conditions. â€Å"Snapshot†, according to the company is another â€Å"first† from Progressive Auto Insurance that is in line with the company’s culture of innovation and better customer service especially in usage-based insurance. â€Å"Snapshot† combines advanced technology, security and ability to optimize discounts for the customer resulting in long-term savings. Over a quarter a million customers so far are using the program with many making savings of up to $ 200. Progressive have changed their systems numerous times throughout their history The current business environment is very dynamic and defined by demand for better customer service and de livery of services. Business technology keeps changing every day to cater for the changing business environment. According to King (2009, p. 501), old technology, no matter how effective it is, comes with outdated and sometimes ineffectual processes. Rivard et al. (2004, p. 90) supports the above position by asserting that business firms have no choice but to resort to technology change for the sole purpose of acquiring flexibility which is crucial in meeting the dynamic challenges of an IT-driven world.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Old technology is less likely to guard against fraud, is less efficient and also slow. It is the reason why progressive Auto Insurance keeps modifying their claims system even after generations of effective service by the system. In a nutshell, Progressive Auto Insurance keeps modifying its claims system in response to needs in the customer service. The company also modifies systems because of the need to increase efficiency and need for increased operational flexibility. Managers play an important role in successful implementation of technologies in any firm. A routine change in technology does not give sufficient grounds for managers to play a less involving role. In fact managers’ personal attributes have proven to play a big role in choosing and adopting new technology in firms (King, 2009, p. 158). Any firm that is adopting technology must recognize that the role of managers is crucial. They help in identifying appropriate opportunities, smoothing the way for flawless implementation and helping in mitigating risks that technology brings (Reynolds, 2010, p. 11). Managers are decision makers and they inject the human element at the highest level when implementing technology changes. There is every need for increased manager involvement in the introduction and adoption of new IT systems in firms. Technology implementation is a gradual process that takes time. This change management continuum model aims at helping Progressive build its commitment to implementing a customer and policy management system. Phase Goal Stage Description Information (2006) To enlighten both employees and customers on the need for the change and the time scale. Contact All people involved –both Progressive employees and customers will know about the proposed change regarding customer and policy management system Awareness Progressive will educate employees on the basic knowledge of the proposed customer and policy management system, what it entails and the changes it is likely to make in the overall company system Understanding Progressive will make a concise effort to help employees understand the nature of the customer and policy management system, the specific intent behind the change and how the change will affect them Education (2007) Progressive will aim to make people inv olved aware of the change and its effects collectively and individually. Positive perception Progressive will embark on an internal campaign to help instill a positive reception of the customer and policy management system. Adoption Progressive will formally adopt the customer and policy management system because there is a clear demonstration of positive impacts on the company because of the change. Institutionalization Progressive will formally incorporate the change into its system. By this time Progressive will seek to cement the changes brought by customer and policy management system. Commitment (2008) The change adopted by Progressive has become routine and normal. Internalizing Progressive will use the change brought by customer and policy management system to stump for commitment to change and to portray change as the basis for the company’s interests, goals and values. Conclusion The role of managers in a firm covers areas broader than technology implem entation. Considering importance of technology in a firm’s survival, managers’ role is even more criticalAdvertising We will write a custom case study sample on The Progressive Group of Insurance Companies Managers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References King, W.R. (2009). Planning for Information Systems. New York: Routledge Reynolds, W. (2010). Information Technology for Managers. New York: Cengage Learning. Rivard, S. et al. (2004). Information technology and organizational transformation: solving the management puzzle. New York: Butterworth-Heinemann.

Accounting Information Disclosure and Auditing

Accounting is the compilation, regulation and arrangement of financial data to ensure efficient decision-making. It often comprises of external auditing, tax counsel and tax return preparing, fiscal and administration consulting, and industrial services. Accountants look into the processes businesses take in to track their revenue and fiscal resources on time. Their responsibilities are more than the basic generic assumptions; they take care of expenses and effectiveness results of novel technologies, alongside getting hold up in processes of mergers and acquisitions, quality controlling, usage and development of data systems to record fiscal effectiveness, taxation strategies and medical care benefits management. The main responsibilities of an accountant are to make sure all the financial records are prepared and examined accurately and that taxes are paid appropriately and timely. It comes in the job role of accountants and auditors to carry out overviews of the economic functions in business so that it can operate effectively. The same service is provided by them to individuals, providing assistance to them in creating plans of action to ensure enhanced financial welfare (Kaplan & Atkinson, 2015). In this project report, observances would be carried out about the auditor relevancy and enhanced activities so that a progressive future can get situated. The report would specifically cover literature on the issues in financial statements auditing faced by auditors and accountants face. The methodology section would discuss the procedure in which the project would be carried out with the collected information. The findings section would go over the collected information and analyse them in the discussion section in light of the reviewed literature. The conclusion would address recommendations, prospective for further research and certain limitations of the current one. Accounting is a critical learning and essential variable of the market economy. This data is the introduction of budgetary and cash related structures of the countries and expect a fundamental part in supervision to make the responsiveness and enlightenment in the economy. The high measure of deception in which accountants and auditors, executives or authority masters are incorporated, provoke to a couple of ambiguities about reliability and trust of master accountants. The rule issues in accounting calling are the prohibitively favoured angle of a genuine survey that official auditors have it and moreover, the responsiveness as the essential of this select ideal position is also fundamental. By the method for its transcendent segments, the calling as self-administration, uprightness and keeping clear focal points guarantee the specific preferred standpoint. The relationship between these parts and master direct is the guideline factors of a substantial segment of the responses at wo rk in the midst of the past 30 years. In the 21st century, accounting occupation is poor upon good issues and ethics; however, this case is addressed by the control makers, authorities, examiners and stockholders (Christensen, Baker, & Cottrell, 2014). With confusions in both government and private divisions, the commitments of auditors got the opportunity to be expanded. These complexities were met with defilement, a critical part of making economies thusly undermining the independence, respectability and objectivity of the auditors. Consequently of the development in the level of business activities, both in the all-inclusive community and private parts, it is right now required by statute that activities of managerial and corporate business affiliations be audited. The consequences of this essential is to ensure that those depended with resources are viewed as accountable. Auditing in this way ensures accounts and records of affiliation show an honest to goodness and sensible view. Auditors do this via cautious examination of the books of accounts of associations and to insist whether there is fitting support and endorsement for every trade (Gupta, 2015). Given the vast size of recent accounting shames and their stunning outcomes for authorities and budgetary pros, it's not astonishing that the organization and general society expect that the concealed issues are debasement and fault—corrupt accountants distorting numbers to secure also tricky clients. However, that is only a little part of the story. Bona fide accounting issues have since a long time back tormented corporate audits, routinely provoking to huge fines for accounting firms. A segment of the oversights, surely, are the eventual outcome of deception. Regardless, to credit most missteps to consider debasement is trust that the accounting calling is flooding with scalawags—a conclusion that any person who has worked with accountants knows is untrue. The more significant, more poisonous issue with corporate auditing, as it's by and by practiced, is its shortcoming to unaware inclination. On account of the often subjective nature of accounting and the tight asso ciations between accounting firms and their clients, even the most genuine and fussy of auditors can inadvertently distort the numbers in ways that shroud an association's real financial status, in this way beguiling theorists, controllers, and as a less than dependable rule organization (Henderson et al., 2015). Point of fact, even obviously frightful accounting shock, for instance, Andersen's audits of Enron, may have at their middle a movement of unwittingly uneven judgments rather than a consider program liability. It is relied upon to handle practices and controls that see the nearness of slant and direct its underhanded effects. At precisely that point would we have the capacity to be ensured of the relentless nature of the budgetary reports issued by open associations and affirmed by professional accountants. The point and goal of this review is to dissect that importance of auditors and enhanced exercises so that future development happens. In this changing and quick moving worldwide environment, this is vital to dissect money related accounts by the auditors. It helps in accomplishing the objectives and goals set by the association legitimately. An auditing is a standout amongst the most conspicuous profession alternatives accessible for the understudies of accounting. Accounting and audit given effective part in business are considered by various gatherings from the past. This getting back to backpedals to the early individual human progression. In actuality, when trading was started, recording the trades and declaring was mulled over. In outdated community foundations, obligation and assets of government were kept up. The shock of budgetary coercion and fall of some different associations exhibited that watching the appropriate controls are not acceptable in master commitments. Capable accountants other than watching the appropriate controls should be centered on master ethics (Bebbington, Unerman & O'Dwyer, 2014). Research exhibits that the use of standards and great auditing it is solidly related to the audit cost setting and the forcefulness of the audit promote by cognizance of the regard included auditing. Appropriately generally financial crisis many issues about the relevance of the audit and the trust in the audit calling have raised. Auditors in their work equal number of specific techniques that depend on after masterminding, resources, standard and national establishment application that ought to be finished nearby his master judgment. Auditors must game plan and perform audit techniques to have enough number of affirmations to give a reasonable supposition about his client. The measure of sufficient audit work is the measure of the quality and measure of audit affirmation, including peril organisation and examination of eventual outcomes of audit frameworks (Caskey, 2013). Corruption hinders the nature of audit administration and debilitates the foundations of good corporate administration. Corruption is a tumor which assaults the structure of the general population and private divisions. Corrupt practices are purposeful acts submitted with a view to giving, tolerating and requesting leverage conflicting with authority obligation and the privileges of others or the mishandle of open power for private pick up. Corruption happens as gift, kickbacks, commissions, or different advantages without leaving any follow in the official records. A situation that is loaded with corruption represents a great deal of difficulties to the auditing calling. Most chiefs of organizations working in corrupt situations cook the books to dupe the financial specialists and accumulate riches to themselves to the hindrance of the asset proprietors. In a comparable improvement, corrupt government authorities in many services, offices and organizations enjoy arrangement of misbe haviors to fitting open riches to themselves for self-protection. These corrupt practices abruptly militate against the work of an auditor in this way whittling down the dependability and significance of audit report and by suggestion lost trust in the auditing calling (William, Glover & Prawitt, 2016). Related to the issues, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) prescribed that the organisation report should fuse bits of knowledge about going concern, and in later activities, the FASB based their thought on the importance of changes on the going concern start of accounting. At an overall level, the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) is at this moment required in a wander with the objective of clearing up the disclosure necessities about the assessment of going stress in IAS. A presentation draft was dispersed in March 2014. Other new proposals consolidate a redesign of the audit report; with a particular ultimate objective to extend, the level of revelation gave by the inspectors. This consolidates a specific enunciation on whether the usage of the going concern preface of accounting, by the organisation, is appropriate (IAASB, 2014). The International Audit and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB), the controlling gathering of International Standards for Audit (ISAs) has been incorporated, in the latest years, in a method of illustration of investigating benchmarks, by focusing on survey uncovering and survey quality. The 2009's â€Å"Clarity Project† was propelled with the point of enhancing clarity and quality in all ISAs. The change proceeded in 2011 with the discussion paper â€Å"Enhancing the Value of Auditor Reporting: Exploring Options for Change† and in 2012 the IAASB published the invite to observe, â€Å"Improving the Auditor’s Report†. The latest work of the directing body has been the 2013 welcome to remark with the title â€Å"Proposed New and Revised International Standards on Auditing. An invitation to comment†. Evaluators' professional judgments, close by master doubt, are essential parts for great surveys. The expression "professional scepticism" is largely used yet may mean unmistakable things to different affiliations and individuals. The controller should not acknowledge that organisation is neither authentic nor misleading. Professional scepticism is portrayed in the ISAs as a perspective that fuses an investigating mind, monitoring conditions that may indicate possible misrepresent because of ruining or deception, and an essential assessment of audit affirmation. ISAs unequivocally require the investigator to orchestrate and play out a survey with professional scepticism seeing that conditions may exist that cause the money related response to be substantially misquoted (Tepalagul & Lin, 2015). Professional judgment is a method used to accomplish an especially mulled over conclusion that relies on upon the relevant facts and conditions available at the period of the conclusion. A focal part of the strategy is the commitment of individuals with sufficient learning and experience. Professional judgment incorporates the unmistakable verification, without slant, of sensible decisions; like this, attentive and target considered information that may have all the earmarks of being restricting to a conclusion is basic to its application. Additionally, both professional scepticism and objectivity are essential to the method and to accomplishing a fitting conclusion (). This has come when the cash related organisations region is regrouping after what has been to a great degree testing period for the business general (Collings, 2014). The part of the ensured auditor turns out to be logically under the spotlight of the current overall fiscal turbulence. It is central that the accountancy calling reexamines the piece of audit and assertion, and considers accommodating, reasonable ways which both can upgrade and continue profiting associations, the economy and society in the 21st century (). For each circumstance, the audit admonitory gatherings and free head of basic associations, have a particularly fundamental part to play in foresting the conditions that reinforce audit quality. There are in like manner desperate circumstances for the audit to crush, for instance, oversight of auditors, audit charge, individual fiscal interest and business relationship between and audit practice and an audit client. (Gendron & Power, 2015). It is comparably imperative to have a true blue view and perception of the market and perception of asserted auditors in the country, where control of statutory and essential benchmarks of the issues in the audit business and colossal risks had been considered to accomplish shared destinations. Audits in the monetary circumstances, when the audit clients (substances) need to restrain the costs, including the cost of the audit organizations, is a great test for audit takes a shot at with respect to remuneration for audit organizations, to meet the yearnings of the client and meanwhile to allow to perform reasonable audits according to Clarified International Standards on Auditing, and furthermore getting advantage. This condition makes the current auditing sharpens study the models of the present costs set for the audit organisations and investigating the existing norms of the audit method. The clients that have an audit are looking for regard included audits; which can allow auditors to finish confiding in the market and with no attempt at being subtle premium. To ensure practical change and advancement of the audit practices, audit firms need to take off subjective enha ncements in making the audits all the more convincing and viable and upgrading the correspondence with the clients, while meanwhile totally meeting the necessities set by authorization and models. Furthermore, current situation in the auditor sharpen places and work requires higher costs for audit quality and unmistakable audit, and over control keeping an eye on and furthermore surveillance from the authorization and national government part that is generally due to the 2007 to 2009 cash related crisis and high danger security costs, considering the credible examples (Andrews, 2015). Auditors may go over circumstances, amid their examinations, which bear a resemblance to corruption. Since examination requires diverse benchmarks and aptitudes, the auditors can't get into the matter of exploring an associated case with corruption. Be that as it may, they can forward concentrates of their reports to examining offices for further test. When contrasted with auditing, examination is an alternate region of oversight. In any case, auditors can assume a fundamental part in helping the offices in charge of examination against asserted instances of corruption (Jacobs & Cuganesan, 2014). The examining organization could be an interior element, some hostile to corruption commission, police, legal or a particular body for a super corruption case. The examination might be started on a grumbling from a resident, representative, auditor or a boss in an association. Inner auditors for the most part have more enhanced and definite learning of operations in various parts of the asso ciation than the exploring organization staff that might be conveyed just for a specific case. The inward auditors can help the exploring staff in translating different tenets, in clarifying different practices, in sharing a portion of the classified data that they may have or examining specialized points of interest of operations. The interior auditors can pinpoint territories of intemperate cost and weaker controls which can help the examining staff in distinguishing corruption (Modugu, Ohonba and Izedonmi, 2012). Methodology is a part of research that deals with various sorts of techniques and processes that are related to the research directly. It has been described by Crowther and Lancaster (2012) that research methodology is a pondered approach towards driving the full research handle in a suitably exact and composed way. The methodology of research largely adds to the impression of the particular strategies of the research strategy. In this way, the research strategy can be considered as a sorted out system of research. The research approach is another huge strategy, which decides the perspective of the entire audit. There are two different sorts of research methodologies, which are deductive approach and inductive approach. In an inductive approach, a researcher begins by social event data that is related and short time scans for cases in the data, endeavouring to develop a theory that could clear up those illustrations. They start with a course of action of observations, and subsequently they move from those particular experiences to a wider game plan of proposals about those experiences. So to speak, they move from data to theory or from the specific to the general (). The deductive approach focuses on adequate testing of the research hypothesis that would dismember the profitability of research theory. The researcher starts with a social theory that they find persuading and after that tests its recommendations with data. That is, they move from a more deep level to a more specific one. (). Most research design can be detached into three distinct characterizations: exploratory, descriptive and causal. Each fills the other side need and should be used as a part of certain ways. In the review world, specialist of each one of the three can incite to sounder bits of learning and more important quality information. The back and forth movement research work is furthermore revolved around finding the clearest disclosures as to the research issue. In this particular condition, striking design solely offers the opportunity to survey every piece of research work in a great style (Pickard, 2013). Research frames require different forms of data and is done by primary and secondary data (Fink, 2013). Primary data are seen as those data that has been amassed from the respondents of the survey. They are amassed with the help of gatherings, surveys, audits and similar methodologies. It is seen as a significant and incredibly profitable system for the perception of the present financial circumstance. Organised correspondence with the respondents even assists in perceiving any issues that should be recovered to fulfil advance change. On the other hand, secondary data is suggested as the data that are appropriated as books, journals, online diaries or locales. A researcher must have both primary and secondary data. Secondary data can be amassed with the help of a book's observation or examining, or from a journal or correlated destinations (O'Leary, 2013). These sorts of data help researchers in getting a handle on the real thought of the point (Palinkas et al., 2015). The study is projected to examine the issues in auditing of financial reports and what are the possible ways to solve it according to standards. To guide this theme, secondary data has been gathered. The research was driven using two systems: (i) inclusion-exclusion criteria, and (ii) keyword search strategy Inclusion-Exclusion Criteria: Inclusion criteria are the characteristics of the substance that are key for their sharing. Obviously, evading measures are the properties of an article that summon their release as materials (Lin et al., 2013). The following table demonstrates the inclusion-exclusion criteria followed in this research. holding one or more key related expressions or themes from Australia, Europe, United States of America and the United Kingdom, focusing mainly on Australia substance from developing countries Table 1. Inclusion-Exclusion Criteria For this review, 20,000 articles, magazines, books and journals have browsed the records. Out of that, thirty-two were used for referencing. Keyword search strategy: Keyword search strategy is a convincing technique of taking after related data regarding any matter (Robson & McCartan, 2016). The three degrees of arranging a catchphrase look approach are: Representing the issue: It concentrates on answering suitably to the important focuses of the investigation   Selecting catchphrases: It oversees choosing terms that relate to the fundamental importance of the subject. In this review expression like "auditing", "financial reports", "accounting", "accountants† and â€Å"auditors† and so on were used. Taking a database: Databases are utilised for accumulating data and reports concerning a particular point subject. For this review government databases, yearly reports, diary articles thus on were used. The auditor has an obligation to organize and play out the audit to get sensible assertion about whether the budgetary enunciations are free of material misrepresent, paying little respect to whether achieved by mix-up or distortion. In perspective of the method for audit affirmation and the characteristics of deception, the auditor can gain sensible, yet not add up to, assertion that material misrepresentations are perceived. The auditor has no commitment to organize and play out the audit to secure sensible affirmation that misrepresentations, paying little respect to whether brought on by misstep or distortion, that are not material to the budgetary announcements are perceived (Coleman, 2015). Given that professional accountants don't agree with the changed cravings of their part, and the purposes of imprisonment on the auditor's possible part in controlling deception, distinctive examinations in the expectation and area of corporate blackmail should be discussed. These consolidate authoritative controls, delegate screening, lawful accounting, and others. Researches have exhibited that most affiliations have the best center setbacks per capita occasioned by degenerate practices. The primary clarification behind this is on account of internal controls are less exceptional and stringent in humbler affiliations (Barton & Bruder, 2014). To fight the issue of blackmail, a basic segment in avoiding theft is strict inside controls, segregation of commitments, and parcel of limits. For example, direct frameworks, for instance, not letting the individual composed work the checks oblige the bank declaration, not allowing the tolerant office to keep up physical stock records, not letting the individual beginning the purchase organize bolster the portion, and not letting the individual keeping up the staff database in like manner issue back checks, may help disengage incongruent limits inside a business. Along these lines, internal controls may be sustained and coercion halted by division of limits (Rate & Rate, 2016). Another part to fight blackmail is adequate laborer screening. Regardless of the way that this declaration may show up extremely clear, an awesome prompt to take after to restrain the threat of distortion is to obtain reasonable agents. There are various affiliations invest huge energy in pre-work screening. These screening tests fuse lie identifier and medicine tests and fingerprinting of laborers. Through adequate individual confirmations of information on resumes and applications, a business can bring out basically more information and make sense of whether the principal information is correct (Rate & Rate, 2016). A third fragment to preventing blackmail is making a business circumstance that abatements the clear need of an obliged specialist to submit distortion. This environment fuses making open and solid correspondences for getting, surveying agent execution, and assessing specialists for progression. These components, close by controlling activities and agent headway attempts, may lessen the clear need of a laborer to submit blackmail. Finally, two or three additional parts to business distortion neutralizing activity consolidate setting up a hotline whereby related agents can report shocking lead, having a strange state specialist study unopened bank declarations month to month, developing a made code out of ethics, and guaranteeing organization level laborers are great illustrations. Regardless of the way that these additional practices may not seem, by all accounts, to be basic, they help develop the tone inside the working environment and may help forestall fake activities (Rate & Rat e, 2016). Auditors should have the ability to guarantee and prevent ponder lead and exercises that undermined the will of the all-inclusive community, abuse of open resources and activities that undermine accountability and straightforwardness. This customarily incorporates ensuring that the right kind of controls is set up. Auditors must have a zero strength of debasement and should decrease uncalled for portions each year that result from coercion, misuse and portions botches. This would incite to progress in building our economy. Extortion and corporate wrongdoings have extended essentially over the span of the latest ten years, and professionals believe this example is most likely going to continue. The cost to business and the all-inclusive community must be surveyed, a similar number of wrongdoings go unreported. To fight deception and professional wrongdoing in associations, a ponder effort must be connected by the organization of the business, the outside auditors, and by all delegates of the business. Everyone must comprehend that coercion is not an innocuous wrongdoing. The cost of coercion and theft are shared by all through higher costs and lower corporate advantages. Through adequate inside controls by organization, better working environments for delegates, more stringent essentials for outside auditors, and codes of ethics for agents, everyone can start to fight fakes and defalcations inside corporate world. AASB, (2014). Professional scepticism and audit of financial statements. Foreword from IAASB Chairman. 16 pages. Retrieved 8 February 2017, from https://www.ifac.org   Andrews, C. (2015). HR Performance Auditing: An Australian Story. Barton, H., & Bruder, N. (2014).  A guide to local environmental auditing. Routledge. Bebbington, J., Unerman, J., & O'Dwyer, B. (2014).  Sustainability accounting and accountability. Routledge. Caskey, J. (2013). Discussion of â€Å"The Economics of Setting Auditing Standards†.  Contemporary Accounting Research,  30(3), 1216-1222. Christensen, T. E., Baker, R. E., & Cottrell, D. M. (2014).  Advanced Financial Accounting. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Coleman Sr, L. B. (2015).  Advanced Quality Auditing: An Auditor’s Review of Risk Management, Lean Improvement, and Data Analysis. ASQ Quality Press. Collings, S. (2014).  Frequently Asked Questions in International Standards on Auditing. John Wiley & Sons. Crowther, D., & Lancaster, G. (2012).  Research methods. Routledge. Fink, A. (2013).  Conducting research literature reviews: From the Internet to paper. Sage Publications. Gendron, Y., & Power, M. K. (2015). Research Forum on Qualitative Research in Auditing.  AUDITING: A Journal of Practice & Theory,  34(2), 1-2. Gupta, A. K. (2015). Emerging Issues In Accounting.  Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies,  3(11). Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K., & Howieson, B. (2015).  Issues in financial accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. Jacobs, K., & Cuganesan, S. (2014). Interdisciplinary accounting research in the public sector: dissolving boundaries to tackle wicked problems.  Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal,  27(8), 1250-1256. Kaplan, R. S., & Atkinson, A. A. (2015).  Advanced management accounting. PHI Learning. Lin, J. S., Olson, C. M., Johnson, E. S., Senger, C. A., Soh, C. B., & Whitlock, E. P. (2013). Inclusion/exclusion criteria. Modugu, P. K., Ohonba, N., & Izedonmi, F. (2012). Challenges of auditors and audit reporting in a corrupt environment.  Research Journal of Finance and Accounting,  3(5), 77-82. O'Leary, Z. (2013).  The essential guide to doing your research project. Sage. Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research.  Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research,  42(5), 533-544. Pickard, A. J. (2013).  Research methods in information. Facet publishing. Rate, B., & Rate, H. (2016). Issues and Recommendations.  Group,  3(124.00), 65-20. Robson, C., & McCartan, K. (2016).  Real world research. John Wiley & Sons. Tepalagul, N., & Lin, L. (2015). Auditor independence and audit quality: A literature review.  Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance,  30(1), 101-121. William Jr, M., Glover, S., & Prawitt, D. (2016).  Auditing and assurance services: A systematic approach. McGraw-Hill Education. Anderson, U. L., Gaynor, L. M., Hackenbrack, K. E., Lisic, L. L., & Wu, Y. J. (2014). Comments by the Auditing Standards Committee of the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association on PCAOB Release No. 2013-009, Proposed Rule on Improving the Transparency of Audit: Proposed Amendments to PCAOB Auditing Standards to Provide Disclosure in the Auditor's Report of Certain Participants in the Audit: Participating Committee Members.  Current Issues in Auditing,  8(2), C1-C7. Biondi, L., & Lapsley, I. (2014). Accounting, transparency and governance: the heritage assets problem.  Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management,  11(2), 146-164. Bowen, S. O. N. G. (2014). Contradiction between accounting information disclosure and auditing supervision.  Journal of Liaoning Technical University (Social Science Edition),  2, 012. Cannon, N., & Bedard, J. C. (2016). Auditing challenging fair value measurements: Evidence from the field.  The Accounting Review. Chatfield, M., & Vangermeersch, R. (2014).  The history of accounting (RLE accounting): an international encylopedia. Routledge. Knechel, W. R., & Salterio, S. E. (2016).  Auditing: assurance and risk. Routledge. Lennox, C. S., Wu, X., & Zhang, T. (2014). Does mandatory rotation of audit partners improve audit quality?.  The accounting review,  89(5), 1775-1803. Power, M. K., & Gendron, Y. (2015). Qualitative research in auditing: A methodological roadmap.  Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory,  34(2), 147-165.

Is Education a Privilege or a Right Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Is Education a Privilege or a Right - Essay Example Because many governments claim a democratic approach, every individual should have some say in how their education system is run. Obviously, democracy allows a majority control at any given moment; this of course can have a direct effect on how education is approached. If a government or society truly embraces freedom then by default this should mean that the individual can decide what they want for themselves as long as those decisions do not harm another human. When it comes to education if a family wants to utilize a charter school, private school, online school or even home based education then this is their prerogative and should be allowed. Society should never invade the individual’s choices and decisions for its own benefit. The family and individual are the only ones capable of making the decision to educate and how to do so. While it should be noted that uneducated individuals are generally not going to make a good living this is not a reason to force a decision on t hese individuals. Personally I feel that every individual should gain a solid education and have continuing education, this however is a personal approach and should not be taken as a mandate. Privilege,. (2011). Definition of privilege.

Violence In Philadelphia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Violence In Philadelphia - Research Paper Example The society is headed for ethical and societal deterioration due to such criminal activities and lawlessness. Several organizations and centers have come into action to improve the conditions of the city by improving the morale and anger-management in the youth. These intend to improve the upcoming generations and simultaneously control the violence in Philadelphia. Apart from this, numerous pointers have also been identified by the local residents of Philadelphia through a community forum. These include law enforcement and severe penalties for those in defiance of the law. It also encourages the parental involvement in children’s lives in order to exercise control over them. Some have recognized the publicity of horrors the families of the unfortunate victims go through in order to make them realize the extent of these activities. An opinion has also arrived about controlling unwanted pregnancies by teenagers. The unwanted children have also become a factor of breeding hatred in the generations. Philadelphia is a one of the largest and most populous cities of Northeastern United States, lying in the Common Wealth of Pennsylvania. It was once the capital of United States before the capital was shifted to Washington. Philadelphia is said to be enriched with cultural and traditional background, historical occurrences and symbolism. Philadelphia is known by other names as well like â€Å"Philly† and â€Å"City of Brotherly Love†. According to a source, â€Å"(Philadelphia) is the sixth most populous city in the US, fifth largest city area by population in the US, and the US’s fourth largest consumer media market† (Pennsylvania). It is believed that 1.5 million people reside in the city alone. Philadelphia has contributed immensely to the American history, serving as the grounds for American Revolution and American Independence efforts initiated by Benjamin Franklin back in the 18th century. It was

Marketing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Marketing - Research Paper Example he past, I was involved in the purchase of a smart phone, a process that required me to make an extensive decision because I wanted to have the best product that was available in the market, which suited my budget. I had interacted with many friends and family members with nice smart phones and really needed the best of all those I had come across. That required me to pay a lot of attention in the ‘alternative evaluation’ stage because the market was awash with products from different companies, and which had different functionalities and features. Therefore, when I visited the vendor, I had to spend a lot of time enquiring about different models and comparing them. I was literally undecided because almost all models had a feature or two I liked, while others were extremely appealing but they surpassed my finances (Solomon & Stuart, 2005). Although finally I managed to purchase one of the products that really satisfied my needs, what perturbs me is the fact that I afterwards met some friends who told me that they bought the same product at a cheaper price from a certain vendor in town. Considering that finances was a pretty pressing issue by then, I wished I had spent more time on information search. In view of this, if I repeat this process, I would pay a lot of attention to the stage of ‘information search’ more than ‘alternative evaluation’. I will want to gather more information from my peers, family members, the internet and any other source so I become more informed before taking the plunge (Solomon & Stuart,

Role Of Family In Mental Health Social Work Essay

Role Of Family In Mental Health Social Work Essay As a potter molds clay to form a beautiful creation, so does the strong family support and good values does. Family bonds are a link from the beginning and guide to future. Early influences are fundamental to individual development. Everyone wants to belong and feel accepted. A sense of belonging is derived from the strong bond of family. Family is where roots take hold and grow. We are molded within a unit, which prepares one for the experiences of the world and reactions to those experiences. A close family bond is like a safe harbor where one finds refuge. From trusting that someone will pick us up when we fall, as a toddler, to someone being there for us as we experience the storms in life. Family bonds help to instill trust, hope and belief in ourselves. The other hand if family doesnt have attachment, poor relationship, insecurity and anger can lead to negative consequences like isolating, low self image, anger and pain inside them. If one isnt loved as a child, they may later seek love and acceptance in a way that brings them harm. This not only affects the emotional, physical and social well-being. The poor self-image may be with the patients throughout life, causing inability to make positive choices or be close to others. Strong family bonds help us to thrive in all aspects of life. Lack of these bonds can lead to forever seeking that something which is missing and one should not take the value of family bonds for granted. Along the farm duties, family usually faces burdens. Yip (2005) identified three types of burdens in family care giving of persons with mental illness. Objective burdens are financial burdens, time and effort in care giving of family caregivers. Subjective burdens are feelings of loss, shame, worry, anger, and hopelessness of family caregivers towards their relatives with mental illness. Finally, there are burdens in management of problem behaviors like assault, mood swing, unpredictability, and other negative symptoms due to mental illness of a family member. Along with the burdens, there are benefits when family stay with mentally ill person. Often patients listen to their family because they are close to each other and every disease needs cure and family is the major support. They can help their family member to involve in the social and family activities, by involving them in rehabilitation program, encouraging other family members and friends to invite the ill family member to join them in activities and by respecting the need of solitude. Scenario: My patient was a 17 years old female, forth among seven siblings, with the diagnosis of schizophrenia. Her pre morbid personality was that she was always a different child, quite and always thinking. She had no friends and was never interested to talk to her sisters as well. She never took part in household chores and when asked to help, she used to get angry, and never participated. She had a jealousy component in her as the mother always admired her elder sister and degraded her. Before hospitalization she even had hallucinations and delusions. While talking to the patient, she verbalized that I dont like my sisters because everyone compares them with me. Patients mother also accepted that she had always given importance to the elder sister and pointed out the client that she is the laziest person of the family. May be this could be a reason of patients anger, frustration and not having a caring attitude towards family. Significance of family support in Pakistani context: Family support is a very important part of our entire Pakistani nation. Family support is given a lot of importance in terms of family bonding, love and affection. On the other hand there are few families which do not pay attention to this important issue. The family support is important because it effects on physical, psychological and social well being of an individual. In the Pakistani context no such study is been done on familys role in ones life. According to Mansoor (2008) Family system in Pakistan states that each member of a Pakistani family has respect for the older family members. The parents feel responsible for teaching their children the basic beliefs of the chosen religion. Looking at the scenario mentioned above the family has paid less attention to the child because of huge family, house hold responsibilities and low socio-economic system. According to my understanding when a child grows in a close kit family they learn to appreciate all the members of family and nev er hesitate to accompany their elders or youngers in public. I believe that strong family bond serves as catalysis for everyones joy. This is because the family has its rules and regulations and when these rules and regulations are strictly followed it brings joy to the whole family and helps in community building. There is always the belief that good families can make a good society. Strong family bonds create an atmosphere of interference in the affairs of one another. For example a strong and united family the elders do not abandon the family, but they keep taking care of their parents and their younger ones in times of troubles. Significance of family support in western world is on appendix 1. Analysis of concept in the light of literature: During the 1950s, Murray Bowen gave family system theory. Theory affirms that the individual can change behavior if aware of the impact of current and historical family behavior. It works on family as well as on the emotional health of an individual. Bowen summarized his theory using seven interlocking concepts. First three concepts apply to overall family and other four are related to family characteristics. Differentiation of self The concept of differentiation of self measures all human functioning on a continuum from the greatest emotional fusion of self boundaries to the highest degree of differentiation or autonomy. In my patients scenario self was suppressed from the childhood in the result of that her family relationship were not strong. A lot of family criticism was there. Children were not allowed to take their own decision; instead they have to do whatever parents asked. The example is secular studies were compromised and the client was put in Madrasa to learn and recite Quran. As a result the family bonding went down. Her issue were not given importance and taken as a least important person of the family. She was never paid attention for whatever she did; the reason could be huge family, less differences between children and poverty. The continuum of differentiation of self is discussed more in detail in appendix 2. Triangles Triangle is a predictable emotional process that takes place when difficulty exists in a significant relationship, and the third entity is included. In my patients scenario, the triangle has three ends. One is father, another mother and the third is the patient. The conflicts between parents have a great impact on child and that can leave lifelong effects on ones life. In my clients scenario the parents had conflicts between them and research indicates that the longer parental conflict continue, greater the tension between the parents, the greater the likelihood that psychological difficulties will result for children such as emotional and behavior problems, anxiety, depression, sleep problems, low self-esteem, school problems and a number of other difficulties. The example of family triangle is on appendix 3. Nuclear Family Emotional System These are patterns of interaction between family members and the degree to which these patterns promote emotional fusion. In my clients picture she was always projected that she never participates in house hold chores and is the laziest person of the family. This indeed led to low self esteem and hopelessness. Most of the patients develop hopelessness because of shame and guilt of being poor. According to Patel Kleinman (2003) stated that hopelessness is a core experience: it is associated with spouse and family abuse, forced marriages, limited educational and work prospects, stigma for failing to produce a son, and the migration of husbands to urban areas for employment. The family projection process It is the projection of spouses problem onto one or more children to avoid intense emotional fusion between the spouses. This also fits into the clients scenario that because of poverty and low socio economic status parent and child were not able to create bond between them. The economic stressors such as unemployment, low income, and lack of affordable housing, are more likely to precede mental illness.(Hudson, 2005 ) Multigenerational Transmission Process This refers to the transmission of a family projection process. The nature and degree of intensity of emotional responses are passed down from generation to generation. Levels of differentiation are affected through generations based on levels of differentiation of partners as they marry. This was not exactly explored during the interaction but it could be a part of patients illness. Emotional cutoff The concept of emotional cutoff describes people managing their unresolved emotional issues with parents, siblings, and other family members by reducing or totally cutting off emotional contact with them. In my patients case she became isolated from the family. This could be because she has some concerns from the family but they were never addressed and she got emotionally cutoff from it. Siblings position There is an impact of sibling position on development and behavior. Most of the time it is practiced that older child is the leader and the youngers are the followers. My patient follows exactly in this category. She is forth among seven siblings. She never liked her mother to say that be like your elder sister and never liked to follow her elder sisters. (Stuart, 2001) See appendices 4 for the factors left. Intervention: At individual level, a mental health nurse can take time for the patient and encourage them to ventilate their feelings. Moreover, while giving teaching to the patients, nurse can discuss the coping strategies. She can provide holistic care and address the problems and concerns accordingly, as the need of the individual. The nurse can provide the most important informations to the patient that is the need for the understanding their own responsibility. Make them aware of the importance of family support which is necessary for them. The interventions done on the client includes family teaching on dealing with hallucination and delusions that was informal. Mother was given teaching on stress management and coping mechanism. Client was involved in occupational therapy example making sit upon, coloring, drawing, collage work, making bands and so on to see the concentration level and keep the patient busy and asked the family to keep patient involved. At group level family can also involved with patient, to be aware of patients condition and involve them actively in patients care. The individual can be involved in group therapies for example milieu and occupational therapy. Moreover, in Pakistan, organizations should be made which can involve families who have clients with mental illness so that they can share their concerns, ventilate their feeling and reform solutions to problems. Some organization can also work to reduce the poverty and socio-economic instability, which is one of the leading factors of mental illness. At institutional level different groups of health care professional can be train for the risk assessment, can conduct the educational session on importance and role of family in ones life. Moreover, seminars can be held for general public regarding awareness of mental illness, coping skills to reduce stress and to ventilate their feeling. Hence, I would like to recommend that health care workers should be more vigilant towards clients health. At governmental level, organizations should be made to teach skills to clients for earning and to feel them self-empower. In addition, it is role of a nurse to identify the concerns in clients, spend time with the clients for their ventilation of feelings, should not be judgmental regarding clients complains and try to resolve their issues collaboratively with clients, families and other health care providers. My own learning Reflection: Through this paper writing my horizon of thinking about family role has more broaden. I always had a thought that mental illness occurs more often with parental conflicts but it has many other dimensions to look at. Going through different researches I came to know that love and affection are the important aspects which can help a mentally ill patient to live a normal life and when one is deprived from it can end into many other issues. The misconceptions I had before about mentally ill patients were that they are harmful and attacking but now I realized that they are only looking for love and someone to listen them. Mentally ill patients are also human and they should be treated as human beings, this is their right and they should get it. Conclusion: In conclusion, low family sociability, the extent to which family members derive and seek   gratification from social interaction with others along with a lack of cohesion explicitly, the extent to which family members have bonding towards one another is important. Conflicts between family members, authoritarian family styles, the extent to which parents dominate the locus of rule making and low family sociability plays a significant role in ones life. Importance of Family lies in the fact that one can discuss matters with the other family members and search solution from discussions. At times, conflict appears in a family but enough space should be provided to their opinions and views. In modern days, we have seen that joint families have broken up into nuclear families and a nuclear family consists of a couple and their children. In western countries, nuclear families are the norm but in many eastern countries, joint families still exist. Children receive guidance from the family as to what they should do or what they should not do. The Importance of Family lies in the fact that it determines to a large extent the social roles that the children will perform. Family support and bond can help an individual to come out from stressors, mental illness and other health problems. References: Abelenda. J., Helfrich. C., A. (2003). Family resilience and mental illness: The role of occupational therapy. Occupational Therapy in Mental Health, 19 (1), pge # Edalati.A., Redzuan. M., Mansor. M., Abu Talib. M. (2010). Family values and females psychological aggression.Malaysia Journal of Social Sciences 6 (1), 8-13. Katie M., Rootes.H., Peter J., Jankowski., Steven J Sandage. (2009). Bowen family systems theory and spirituality: exploring the relationship between triangulation and religious questing. Springer science business media, LLC. Mansoor.H. Family System in Pakistan. Retrieved on April 21st, 2010 from http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Hayi_MansoorHYPERLINK http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Hayi_Mansoor . Marshall.T., Solomon P., Steber. S.A., M.S.S., Mannion E. (2003). Provider and family beliefs regarding the causes of severe mental illness. Psychiatric Quarterly, 74,(3). Mental illness and poverty. A fact sheet. (2007). Florida council for community mental health. Retrieved on April 10th,2010. Nichols, M. P. Schwartz, R. C. (2001). Bowen family systems therapy. In M. P. Nichols R. C. Schwartz, family therapy: Concepts and methods. 5th ed., pp. 137-171. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Retrieved on April 15th, 2010. Patel. V., Kleinman. A. (2003). Poverty and common mental disorders in developing Countries. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 81 (8). Retrieved on April 13th, 2010. Schizophrenia: The Journey to Recovery. (2007). 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Appendices 1: Significance of family support in western context: According to Sven.D. 1998 There are regions where traditionally the family group has priority over the individual and others are opposite, with the individual and there values having priority over everything else. The geography of these family systems suggests that North America, center and northern Europe has been characterized having relatively weak family links. There are indications that these differences have deep historical roots. There is little to suggest that they are diminishing today in any fundamental manner. The way in which the relationship between the family group and its members manifest itself has implications for the way society itself functions. According to my thinking, in western world, families have less importance, may be because of their fantasy world, interference they dont like or freedom they are fond of. In the west, kids are allowed to leave parents at the age of 18 as they are mature and can take their own decisions and responsibility and parents dont mi nd it because its their trend, as a result single parent family comes into existence. According to Jill Francis, of the National Childrens Bureau, There are four main reasons why teen age unmarried girls in Britain become pregnant. The likelihood becoming pregnant as a teen increased if one had parents who were inattentive, unloving, or failed to instill moral values with no family bonding. Girls whose mothers were teenage mums are more likely to do the same. Here the question arises that if this situation will continue, will there be family bonding in upcoming years? It is important for the family to understand the importance of family role in order to save the generation from mental illness, as families role is one of the biggest factors contributing towards mental disorder. The concept of family is somewhere far but those who belief in family bonding are still holding their hands together. Appendix 2: High differentiation Low differentiation Fusion with others. Personal autonomy Blends thoughts and feelings. Distinguish between thoughts Emotionally reactive when stressed. and feelings. Retains objectively when stressed.